Das Response Objekt ist das logische Gegenstück zum Request Objekt. Sein Zweck ist es,
Inhalte und / oder Header zu vereinigen, um sie in einem Rutsch zu versenden.
Zusätzlich übergibt der Front Controller alle aufgefangenen Ausnahmen an das Response
Objekt, um dem Entwickler das Verarbeiten von Ausnahmen zu ermöglichen. Dies
Funktionalität kann durch Setzen von
Zend_Controller_Front::throwExceptions(true)
überschrieben werden.
$front->throwExceptions(true);
Um die Ausgabe der Response, inklusiver der gesetzten Header, zu senden, verwendet man
sendResponse()
:
$response->sendResponse();
Anmerkung | |
---|---|
By default, the front controller calls <?php $front->returnResponse(true); $response = $front->dispatch(); // do some more processing, such as logging... // and then send the output: $response->sendResponse(); ?> |
Entwickler sollten das Response Objekt in ihren Aktionscontrollern verwenden. Statt die Ausgabe direkt zu machen und Header zu versenden, sollten diese an des Response Objekt übergeben werden:
// Innerhalb einer Controller Aktion: // Setze einen Header $this->getResponse() ->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html') ->appendBody($content);
Dadurch werden alle Header in einem Rutsch versendet, genau vor der Anzeige des Inhalts.
Anmerkung | |
---|---|
If using the action controller view
integration, you do not need to set the rendered view
script content in the response object, as
|
Sollte in der Applikation eine Ausnahme auftreten, überprüft man den
isException()
Schalter des Response Objektes und erhält die Ausnahme durch
Verwendung von getException()
. Zusätzlich kann man ein eigenes Response
Objekt erstellen, dass zu einer Fehlerseite umleitet, die Nachricht der Ausnahme loggt,
die Nachricht der Ausnahme schön formatiert ausgibt (für Entwicklungsumgebungen), usw.
Man kann das Response Objekt im Anschluß an die dispatch() Methode des Front Controllers erhalten oder den Front Controller auffordern, dass Response Objekt zurückzugeben statt den Inhalt auszugeben.
// Erhalten nach dem Dispatch: $front->dispatch(); $response = $front->getResponse(); if ($response->isException()) { // log, mail, etc... } // Oder den Front Controller dispatch Prozess auffordern, es zurück zu geben $front->returnResponse(true); $response = $front->dispatch(); // mache irgend was... // zum Schluß, gebe die Antwort aus $response->sendResponse();
Standardmäßig werden Ausnahmennachrichten nicht ausgegeben. Dieses Verhalten kann durch
den Aufruf von renderException()
überschrieben werden oder indem der
Front Controller aufgefordert wird, die Exceptions durch throwExceptions() auszuwerfen,
wie oben gezeigt:
$response->renderExceptions(true); $front->dispatch($request, $response); // oder: $front->returnResponse(true); $response = $front->dispatch(); $response->renderExceptions(); $response->sendResponse(); // oder: $front->throwExceptions(true); $front->dispatch();
As stated previously, one aspect of the response object's duties is to collect and emit HTTP response headers. A variety of methods exist for this:
canSendHeaders()
is used to determine if
headers have already been sent. It takes an optional flag
indicating whether or not to throw an exception if headers
have already been sent. This can be overridden by setting
the property headersSentThrowsException
to
false
.
setHeader($name, $value, $replace = false)
is
used to set an individual header. By default, it does not
replace existing headers of the same name in the object;
however, setting $replace
to true will force it
to do so.
Before setting the header, it checks with
canSendHeaders()
to see if this operation is
allowed at this point, and requests that an exception be
thrown.
setRedirect($url, $code = 302)
sets an HTTP
Location header for a redirect. If an HTTP status code has
been provided, it will use that status code.
Internally, it calls setHeader()
with the
$replace
flag on to ensure only one such header
is ever sent.
getHeaders()
returns an array of all headers.
Each array element is an array with the keys 'name' and
'value'.
clearHeaders()
clears all registered headers.
setRawHeader()
can be used to set headers that
are not key/value pairs, such as an HTTP status header.
getRawHeaders()
returns any registered raw
headers.
clearRawHeaders()
clears any registered raw
headers.
clearAllHeaders()
clears both regular key/value
headers as well as raw headers.
In addition to the above methods, there are accessors for setting
and retrieving the HTTP response code for the current request,
setHttpResponseCode()
and
getHttpResponseCode()
.
The response object has support for "named segments". This allows you to segregate body content into different segments and order those segments so output is returned in a specific order. Internally, body content is saved as an array, and the various accessor methods can be used to indicate placement and names within that array.
As an example, you could use a preDispatch()
hook to
add a header to the response object, then have the action controller
add body content, and a postDispatch()
hook add a
footer:
<?php // Assume that this plugin class is registered with the front controller class MyPlugin extends Zend_Controller_Plugin_Abstract { public function preDispatch(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request) { $response = $this->getResponse(); $view = new Zend_View(); $view->setBasePath('../views/scripts'); $response->prepend('header', $view->render('header.phtml')); } public function postDispatch(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request) { $response = $this->getResponse(); $view = new Zend_View(); $view->setBasePath('../views/scripts'); $response->append('footer', $view->render('footer.phtml')); } } // a sample action controller class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function fooAction() { $this->render(); } } ?>
In the above example, a call to /my/foo
will cause the
final body content of the response object to have the following
structure:
<?php array( 'header' => ..., // header content 'default' => ..., // body content from MyController::fooAction() 'footer' => ... // footer content ); ?>
When this is rendered, it will render in the order in which elements are arranged in the array.
A variety of methods can be used to manipulate the named segments:
setBody()
and appendBody()
both
allow you to pass a second value, $name
,
indicating a named segment. In each case, if you provide
this, it will overwrite that specific named segment or
create it if it does not exist (appending to the array by
default). If no named segment is passed to
setBody()
, it resets the entire body content
array. If no named segment is passed to appendBody(), the
content is appended to the value in the 'default' name
segment.
prepend($name, $content)
will create a segment
named $name
and place it at the beginning of
the array. If the segment exists already, it will be removed
prior to the operation (i.e., overwritten and replaced).
append($name, $content)
will create a segment
named $name
and place it at the end of
the array. If the segment exists already, it will be removed
prior to the operation (i.e., overwritten and replaced).
insert($name, $content, $parent = null, $before =
false)
will create a segment named
$name
. If provided with a $parent
segment, the new segment will be placed either before or
after that segment (based on the value of
$before
) in the array. If the segment exists
already, it will be removed prior to the operation (i.e.,
overwritten and replaced).
clearBody($name = null)
will remove a single
named segment if a $name
is provided (and the
entire array otherwise).
getBody($spec = false)
can be used to retrieve a single
array segment if $spec
is the name of a named
segment. If $spec
is false, it returns a string
formed by concatenating all named segments in order. If
$spec
is true, it returns the body content
array.
The purpose of the response object is to collect headers and content from the various actions and plugins and return them to the client; secondarily, it also collects any errors (exceptions) that occur in order to process them, return them, or hide them from the end user.
The base response class is
Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract
, and any subclass you
create should extend that class or one of its derivatives. The
various methods available have been listed in the previous sections.
Reasons to subclass the response object include modifying how output is returned based on the request environment (e.g., not sending headers for CLI or PHP-GTK requests), adding functionality to return a final view based on content stored in named segments, etc.